Addressing the Global Digital Divide and its Impact on Educational Opportunity
نویسنده
چکیده
This article examines the global digital divide, with tables of data that document the wide disparity between the world’s information-rich and information-deprived. Its fundamental causes and ramifications for the world’s poor are examined, with an emphasis upon how it affects educational opportunity. Critical challenges associated with addressing this problem are discussed, and some misguided past efforts to introduce instructional technology into developing regions are reviewed. Then, some potentially successful strategies for utilising educational technologies in developing settings are explored, including appropriate project design, funding issues, skill development programs for schools, new forms of distance education, and the establishment of tele-centres that can expand educational opportunities in a variety of ways. Considérations sur la fracture numérique globale et son impact sur les possibilités d’éducation Cet article examine la fracture numérique globale à l’aide de tableaux de données qui illustrent le large fossé qui sépare les pays riches en informations et ceux qui en sont dénumis. Les causes Fondamentales et les ramifications pour les « pauvres » sont examinées, l’accent étant mis sur la facon dont elles affectent les possibilités d’éducation. On étudie et discute les challenges critiques associés à ce problème ainsi que les efforts mal concus dans le passé pour introduire la technologie de l’éducation dans les pays en voie de développement. Ensuite, on explore des stratégies potentiellement réussies pour élever le niveau de la technologie dans l’éducation y compris des projets soigneusement planifiés, des suggestions pour le financement des programmes de développement des aptitudes, de nouvelles formes d’éducation à distance et la prolifération des centres de Téléenseignement qui peuvent offrir des communications, des formations et des occasions de développement. Betrachtungen zur globalen digitalen Kluft und ihren Auswirkungen auf Bildungschancen Dieser Artikel untersucht die globale digitale Kluft auf der Basis von Datentabellen, die die grosse Ungleichheit zwischen dem gut informierten Teil der Welt und jenem Teil der Welt ohne Zugang zu Informationen dokumentieren. Es werden die wesentlichen Gründe und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Armen dieser Welt untersucht, besondern hinsichtlich ihrer Chancen auf Bildung. Kritische Herausforderungen bei der Behebung dieses Problems werden besprochen und frühere fehlgeschlagene Versuche, Lerntechnologien in den Entwicklungsländern einzuführen, werden neu überdacht. Darüber hinaus werden potentiell erfolgreiche Strategien zur Verbesserung der Bildungstechnologie erörtert im Zusammenhang mit einer vorsichtigen Projektplanung, Möglichkeiten der Finanzierung und der Errichtung von Telezentren, die Kommunikations-, Trainingsund Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten anbieten. One of the world’s most serious problems is the widening gap between rich and poor, wherein a small percentage of the global population enjoys unprecedented affluence amidst widespread global poverty that may actually be getting worse. One aspect of this disparity in wealth is the digital divide, the enormous differences in access to modern information and communications technology (ICT). Millions across Africa, Asia, and Latin America struggle daily to survive in dire poverty, while others in the industrialized world enjoy the conveniences provided by modern communications technologies, work in offices made more efficient and effective through the use of new technologies, and take advantage of new educational opportunities afforded by ICT. One of the most unfortunate by-products of the digital divide is its negative impact on educational efforts throughout the developing world. Digital technologies provide exciting new opportunities for students in the industrialised world to obtain large amounts of current information on almost any topic, to communicate their Education Media International ISSN 0952-3987 print/ISSN 1469-5790 online © 2002 International Council for Education Media http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals DOI: 10.1080/09523980210166440 EMIcpost 10/12/02 9:23 am Page 211
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تاریخ انتشار 2003